The only term I am familiar with of the two is the Hedge Fund. Hedge Funds are used to purchase commodities (usually very large lots) in advance of their sale on the open market in hopes that the price will go up and therefore provide the buyer with a "hedge" against inflation.

When I was employed by a company that used a great deal of copper, lead, zinc and brass to make their products they would constantly purchase hedge funds for these metals, anticipating that the demand was outstripping the supply. They were correct and saved the company a lot of money. They would purchase, say, brass three months in advance. The going price of brass at the time they purchased it through the hedge fund was, say, $10 per pound. At the end of the hedge fund contract in 3 months brass might be selling for $12 per pound, but they were able to get their predetermined amount at the $10 per pound price.

Of course you can guess incorrectly and lose money as well. As with any market (stocks, bonds, etc.) the only person guaranteed to make money is the broker.

To my knowledge, what you have explained is speculation.
[1].
In hedging, you cover the possible loss in one transaction by corresponding gain in another transaction.
There can be many types of hedging.
To cite one example: you short sell 200 share of a company “A”, in the Derivatives [Future] Market, in the hope that the price would go down, giving you a profit.
But you may hedge against loss, if the price goes up, by simultaneously buying 200 share of a company “A”, in the Cash Market, where you would make profit if the price goes up.

[2].
When you buy a debt [whether of a person or a country], you pay up the creditor, releasing the person or country from the debt. Such buying of a debt is done under an agreement where the buyer places some restrictions on the released debtor, so asto to make him solvent again, to repay the buyer of the debt.

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man's work is from Sun to Sun; woman's work is never done! - INDIRA GANDHI : Erstwhile Prime Minister of INDIA.